系统工程优化决策理论及其发展战略

系统工程是一门综合性的技术学科.本文分别从单人优化决策和多人优化决策的角度出发:介绍了系统工程涉及到的优化与决策方法.包括最优化理论、决策理论、博弈论等多种理论方法.综述了每种理论方法研究问题的特征、基本的结论以及发展过程,并对系统工程中使用到的优化与决策理论的发展趋势进行说明.为解决系统工程问题使用到的优化与决策理论方法的研究与应用提供一定的参考.     

基于WRT方法的港口危化品物流风险评估研究

针对港口危化品物流风险管理中风险因素众多和交互影响的复杂性,构建港口危化品物流的WRT风险评估模型.首先基于物理-事理-人理WSR理论构建港口危化品物流风险评估指标框架,其次通过风险过滤和排序RFRM理论对风险因素进行双重过滤,保留关键风险因素.然后基于TSS情景构建理论从物理、事理和人理三个层面构建港口危化品物流的多维风险情景,通过深入剖析各风险情景下风险因素之间的耦合关系,刻画港口危化品物流中的不同风险状态与风险源最后,基于熵权法和贝叶斯理论对我国7个重要港口进行多维情景风险评估,结果表明天津港和南京港整体风险较大,多数情况下二维情景风险大于三维情景风险,同时从多维风险情景下对物理、事理、人理的耦合风险进行分析,展示了各港口的薄弱环节,最后为港口危化品物流风险管理提出建议.     

基于粗糙集和证据理论的设备状态评估方法

为准确判定复杂设备健康状态，提出一种基于粗糙集理论和证据理论的健康状态评估方法。鉴于粗糙集只能处理离散指标，首先提出一种基于动态模糊C-均值聚类算法的连续型评估指标的离散化方法；再通过基于互信息的属性约简算法对复杂设备健康状态评估指标进行约简；然后对约简的评估决策表进行处理，构建基本信度分配函数；最后利用D-S合成规则进行多指标合成得到健康状态，进一步挖掘评估指标与健康状态间的关系。实例研究及对比分析表明该方法能有效提高决策可信度，减少评估的不确定性。     

基于有限时间LaSalle不变集的PMSM混沌控制

为有效地抑制永磁同步电动机系统的混沌行为,基于有限时间理论和LaSalle不变集定理设计了一种自适应控制器。分析了永磁同步电动机系统的混沌动力学特性,确定了系统处于不同运动状态的参数域;在理论上证明该控制器能够在有限时间内稳定到平衡点且能自动跟踪系统平衡点;仿真实验证明,该控制方案形式简单,快速性更好,稳定性更高。研究结果对保证永磁同步电动机的稳定运行具有重要意义。     

多重约束下智慧仓储机器人配置仿真优化研究

针对智慧仓库的仓储机器人配置问题,构建了基于排队论的离散事件仿真模型,在保证系统可靠性和服务强度的前提下,考虑到故障对系统的影响,以距离成本、时间成本、空闲成本和购置成本所构成的总成本最小化为目标,提出了一种基于FlexSim平台的离散事件仿真优化方法。通过分析系统平均队长、订单平均逗留时间等指标,将直观化的系统瓶颈与运行实际数据相结合,求得系统成本最小的配置策略。结合实例,对算例中的智慧仓库机器人配置方案进行求解。结果表明,基于FlexSim平台的离散事件仿真寻优方法,能够求解仓储机器人配置的优化方案,并能保证模型方法的计算效率。     

基于博弈论的化工园区合作巡逻策略研究

化工园区的生产活动对周围的大气环境和居民健康构成了巨大威胁,需要园区管理团队对化学生产过程和气体排放进行严格监管以保证空气质量,对各化工厂进行巡逻是一种有效的方法。基于博弈论研究多辆巡逻车的合作巡逻策略,提出了贪婪部署算法确定巡逻车的初始部署,采取静态分区的合作方法将化工园区划分成多个小区域,在化工厂和巡逻车之间构建巡逻博弈模型,通过MultiLPs算法计算得到博弈的Stackelberg均衡解。选取Antwerp化工园区进行案例研究,结果表明巡逻车可以将收益提高8.08%~35.24%。     

多孔介质球向渗流的渗透率分形模型

基于分形理论与技术，该文研究了牛顿流体在多孔介质中球向渗流问题，提出了牛顿流体球向渗流渗透率模型，分析了多孔介质的微结构参数对球向渗透率的影响.研究结果表明，球向渗透率随孔隙面积分形维数和孔隙度的增加而增加，随迂曲度分形维数和径向距离r的增加而减小；本模型预期结果与Chang和Yortsos的模型相比较吻合较好，证实了球向渗透率分形模型的正确性.     

‘Revolutions,philosophical as well as civil’: French chemistry and American science in Samuel Latham Mitchill’s Medical Repository

ABSTRACT

From 1797 to 1801 a controversy played out on the pages of the Medical Repository, the first scientific journal published in the United States. At its centre was the well-known feud between the followers of Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Priestley, the lone supporter of the phlogiston model. The American debate, however, had more than two sides. The Americans chemists, Samuel Latham Mitchill and Benjamin Woodhouse, who rushed to support Priestley did not defend his scientific views. Rather, as citizens of a republic, they defended his right to have them. They also castigated the assertions of the “French chemists,” whose claims that the new chemistry obviated debate seemed unsettlingly similar to the dictatorial ambitions of the French state. Using the Medical Repository, Mitchill and Woodhouse sought a compromise that validated the new chemistry, but united it with a more egalitarian form of discourse. The desired balance eluded them. Priestley proved too stubborn, and as the French Revolution descended into dictatorship and war, Mitchill and Woodhouse came more to realize that truly prising French chemistry from the culture of the revolutionary era. The episode left Mitchill and Woodhouse disillusioned with chemistry and hoping to redirect scientific enthusiasm to more pious ends.     

The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.     

Debunking material induction

In this paper, we present an explanatory objection to Norton's material theory of induction, as applied to predictive inferences. According to the objection we present, there is an explanatory disconnect between our beliefs about the future and the relevant future facts. We argue that if we recognize such a disconnect, we are no longer rationally entitled to our future beliefs.